A power supply’s source, in actual use, is never ideal. The real behaviour, including parasitics, needs to be considered to build a reliable power system. When we use power supplies, we ensure that a ...

An analog- or a mixed-signal lab cannot have too many voltage sources. A simple, reasonably high-precision voltage source can set bias points in an op-amp circuit, tweak the feedback node of a power ...

Many embedded systems require a stable, low-noise DC reference. This reference can be a stable current or voltage source. These references are used in many ways. Some typical uses are listed as ...

Robust systems often have several different power sources, and switches are implemented to separate the power supplies from each other to avoid damage. In most cases, multiple diodes are placed in the ...

If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.

Voltage dividers are electric circuits used to scale down a voltage by a given fraction. The output voltage of the circuit is proportional to the input voltage (source voltage), but smaller. The ...

Offering an introduction to the basic principles of electrical engineering, this text covers DC and AC circuit analysis, and Transients, and presumes knowledge of first year differential and integral ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...