Most laser sources produce Gaussian beams that diverge as they propagate. This natural spreading limits their effectiveness in applications that require light to remain concentrated over long ...

Bessel Beams are impossible to create, can’t be destroyed, and don’t diffract. In other words, physics has discovered yet another thing that makes no sense. Bessel beams bear the name of Friedrich ...

Bessel beam microscopy, and the techniques that preceded it, are generally used to image live cells in 3D. Bessel beams have a greater capability than other super-resolution imaging techniques for ...

Bessel functions, central to many problems in mathematical physics, provide solutions to differential equations that describe wave propagation, heat conduction and vibrations in cylindrical or ...

Optical fibre, as the basic carrier of modern high-speed and high-capacity communication, is the key to the interconnection of the world. With the rapid development of the communications industry in ...

SEM is a common microscopy technique for scanning a surface. In SEM, a beam of high-energy electrons is fired from an electron gun towards a sample of interest. The beam of electrons is controlled by ...

In the good old days of analog scopes, you pretty much had only one choice for frequency response—Gaussian. That came about because of the natural way in which the behavior of multiple components with ...

Terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas features with ultrabroad bandwidth, which is attractive for many applications. Significant efforts have been made to enhance its conversion efficiency, ...